Q: Method for reactive power compensation of low-voltage distribution network

A: There are three main types: random compensation, random compensation, and tracking compensation.

1. Random compensation

Random compensation is to connect the low-voltage capacitor bank and the motor in parallel and switch on and off at the same time through the control and protection devices and the motor. Random compensation is suitable for compensating the reactive power consumption of the motor. It is mainly based on the compensation of reactive power. This method can better limit the reactive load of the power unit.

The advantages of random compensation: when the power equipment is running, reactive power compensation is input. When the power equipment is out of service, the compensation equipment is also withdrawn, and the compensation capacity does not need to be adjusted frequently. It has low investment, small footprint, easy installation, convenient and flexible configuration, simple maintenance, and low accident rate.

2. Follower compensation

Follower compensation refers to the low-voltage capacitor connected to the secondary side of the distribution transformer through low-voltage insurance to compensate for the no-load reactive power of the distribution transformer. The reactive load of the distribution transformer at light load or no-load is mainly the no-load excitation reactive power of the transformer. The no-load reactive power of the distribution transformer is the main part of the reactive load of the power unit. Part of the loss accounts for a large proportion of the power supply, which leads to an increase in the unit price of electricity charges.

The advantages of follower compensation: simple wiring, convenient maintenance, and management, can effectively compensate the no-load reactive power of the distribution transformer, limit the reactive power base load of the rural power grid, make them part of the reactive power balance in place, thereby improving the distribution transformer utilization and reducing Power network loss, with high economics, is one of the most effective methods to compensate reactive power.

3. Tracking compensation

Tracking compensation refers to the compensation method that uses the reactive power compensation switching device as the control protection device to compensate the low-voltage capacitor bank on the 0.4kv bus of large users. It is suitable for users with special distribution transformers above 100kVA. It can replace the random and random compensation methods with a good compensation effect.

The advantage of tracking compensation is that the operation mode is flexible, the operation and maintenance workload is small, the service life is relatively long and the operation is more reliable than the previous two compensation methods. The tracking compensation method should be preferred.

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